5^th International Conference on Molecular Microbiology June 10-11, 2024 Barcelona, Spain

Clinical microbiology is an area of clinical science that deals with the treatment of infectious diseases as well as the prevention, diagnosis, and study of disease transmission. It is worried about a range of clinical applications of microorganisms for enhancing health. Biotechnology, which focuses on the genetic engineering of microbes for the manufacturing of hormones and antibiotics, is the utilisation of biological processes for industrial and other purposes. A broad range of subjects, including biochemistry, genetics, microbiology, chemistry, and engineering, are included in the field of biotechnology.

• Virology
• Nematology
• Biotechnology in medicine
• Biotechnology in agriculture
• Biotechnology for industry
• Ropinirole

A subfield of microbiology employed in the pharmaceutical business is known as pharmaceutical microbiology. It covers studies on chemicals, antitoxins, food, antibodies, and other pharmaceuticals. The study of microorganisms that cause pharmaceutical contamination, as well as the devaluation, disintegration, and degradation of pharmaceutical crude, are also included. It is a subfield of microbiology that acknowledges the great diversity of bacteria found in nature as being full of potential, some of which are beneficial and others of which are hazardous. Examples of relevant fields include the development of suitable substrates for the production of medications, food supplements, and mechanical solvents, as well as the development of the numerous antibodies that have been crucial to the expansion of world health.

Applications:

• Biotechnology
• Agriculture
• Medicine
• Food microbiology
• Bioremediation

Antibiotics are drugs that treat infections brought on by bacteria. They are bactericidal if they can eradicate bacteria. They are not capable of killing them, but they can bacteriostatically stop their growth. Antibacterial substances are frequently categorised as one of four tools, three of which include the inhibition or control of substances involved in cell division biosynthesis, nucleic acid corrosive digestion and repair, or protein synthesis, respectively. The fourth system includes the disturbance of layer structure.

• Carbapenems
• Monobactams
• β-Lactamase inhibitors
• Aminoglycosides
• Tetracyclines

It's crucial to let your primary care doctor know if you're taking any other prescription drugs because antibiotics might interact with a range of medications. For instance, there may be interactions between blood thinners and acid neutralizers and antibiotics. It has been demonstrated that several antimicrobials decrease the potency of oral contraceptives. Experts advise using anti-toxins to treat bacterial diseases. Most of the adverse effects connected with anti-infection medications are not harmful. Contrarily, antimicrobials occasionally cause serious symptoms like hypersensitivity.

• Theophylline
• Probenecid
• Tizanidine
• Glibenclamide

Nutrient distribution, waste water treatment, the production of biofuels, and the production of a wide variety of synthetic compounds and proteins are all made possible by microorganisms. They are employed in research as biological systems. They have been made into weapons and sporadically participate in bioterrorism. From the soil we use to cultivate our food to the organs associated to the stomach that we use to process it, they can be found in a range of naturalistic surroundings. In any environment, organisms need to be able to collect nutrition, control poisons, and deal with rivals and predators in order to survive and procreate.

• Enzymes
• Production of steroid
• Organic acids
• Insecticides

Environmental microbiology is the study of the physiology and organisation of microbial networks in the environment. Molecular biology has revolutionised the study of microorganisms in nature and improved our knowledge of the physiology, phylogeny, and creation of microbial networks. Similar to the biotechnology sector, microbiology is an applied science that supports agriculture, human health and medical care, as well as environmental preservation. In our daily lives, microorganisms are crucial.

• Protozoology
• Mycology
• Nematology
• Physiology of microbes
• Ecology of microbes

Genetic engineering is the deliberate modification of DNA using lab procedures to change the properties of living things. The ingredients and procedures are frequently adopted from microorganisms for use in increasingly complex organisms, whether or not the species being altered are microbes. Genetic engineering, commonly referred to as hereditary control or hereditary alteration, is the application of biotechnology to modify a living organism's traits. It alludes to various technical advancements that have been used to change the genetic make-up of cells, including the trading of features inside and across species boundaries in an effort to produce superior or original living things.

• Electrophoresis on a Gel
• Recombinant DNA
• Polymerase Chain Reaction
• Genetically modified organism

A group of microscopic cells known as biofilms are linked to plaque, pond scum, and bad accumulation in sinks. In this development, moulding, connection, metabolism, and separation are all grouped together. Microorganisms attach to surfaces and grow there in an irreversible process known as biofilm development. Extracellular polymers produced during this process, which promote connection and framework arrangement, cause a change in the phenotype of the living things in terms of growth rate and quality interpretation. Pathogens among the many bacteria that produce biofilms offer a mechanism for these living things to defend themselves from antimicrobial agents.

• Dental plaque
• Bacillus
• Lactic acid bacteria
• Lactobacillus

The destruction of natural materials by microorganisms occurs throughout the biodegradation process. It's a naturally catalysed decrease in concoction blend complexity. To be clear, biodegradation is the process by which active microorganisms convert natural substances into more manageable combinations. When biodegradation is finished, mineralization takes place. An approach to waste management called bioremediation makes use of organic processes to purge the environment of pollutants. It deals with a natural issue, such polluted soil or water. Bacterial growths and other microbes continuously break down and separate natural stuff in an uncontaminated environment.

• Phytoremediation
• Mycoremediation
• Bioventing
• Bioleaching
• Bioreactor

Recombinant DNA technology is the recombination of DNA strands from two different organisms. In order to create innovative hereditary combinations that are advantageous to research, medicine, agriculture, and industry, it is implanted into a host life form. Any genome's individual DNA fragments can be individually inserted into vector DNA molecules like plasmids and amplified in bacteria. A single amplified segment is a DNA clone. Among the genetic conditions for which DNA technology is being used to improve diagnosis are Huntington's disease and sickle-cell disease.

• Sequencing of DNA
• Chain polymerase reaction
• Gel electrophoresis
• DNA cloning

Bacteriology is a branch of science that investigates the morphology, makeup, genetics, organic chemistry, and various other features of bacteria. This branch of microbiology deals with the distinctive traits, structure, and representation of bacterial species. It focuses on human pathogens that cause disease. Parasitology is the study of parasites, their hosts, and their interactions. In addition to diseases, germs, and worms, parasitologists study all types of parasites.

• Protozoa
• Helminths
• Ectoparasites
• Multicellular animal parasites
• Archaea

Virology is the study of viruses and organisms that resemble infections, including their taxonomy, disease-causing properties, development, and genetics. It falls within the umbrella of microbiology.  A virion is a single viral molecule with a range of characteristics that is enclosed in a capsid, a protective protein shell. The term "pathology" refers to the study of diseases.  It supports a variety of patient care practises, including illness prevention and screening techniques. Doctors and scientists who study pathology are specialists in illness and disease.

• Anatomical pathology
• Clinical pathology
• Molecular pathology
• DNA viruses
• RNA viruses
• DNA-RNA viruses

• Malaria
• Hepatitis C
• Dengue
• Tuberculosis
• Cholera

The faulty genes that cause inherited diseases are the focus of gene therapy. Haemophilia and cystic fibrosis are two conditions that can arise from inheriting a faulty (mutated) gene. Additionally, it may increase your risk of developing some cancers. Gene therapy can be used to either introduce a new gene that can treat or mitigate the effects of a disorder or replace a damaged gene with a healthy one.

• Hereditary illnesses
• Cystic fibrosis
• Gene therapy
• Haemophilia
• Gene

The dynamic balance between catabolism and anabolism reactions, which provide the cell its energy and building blocks, and those that utilise them, is known as metabolism.

• Autotrophic
• Heterotrophic
• Mixotrophic
• Lithotrophic
• Organotrophic

Vaccines are solutions that, in most cases, include dead bacteria or viruses and are given via injection to improve immunity against a particular disease. Getting vaccinated is a way to boost your body's defences against a disease before you get sick.  Industrial production of antibiotics involves a fermentation process in which the source microbe is grown in sizable receptacles with a liquid growth medium. The antibiotic must next be extracted from the process and purified into a crystalline form.

• Toxoid vaccines
• Conjugate vaccines
• Penicillin
• Tetracycline
• Cephalosporin

Systems biology is the study of how molecules, cells, organs, and other biological entities, such as organisms, interact and behave. The different components that make up biological beings are incredibly complicated and interact in a wide range of ways. Bioinformatics is the application of tools for computing and analysis to the collection and processing of biomedical data. This area of study combines the disciplines of computer science, mathematics, physics, and biology.

• Sequence Search Services
• Multiple Sequence Alignment
• Biological Sequence Analysis

Modern biotechnology uses enzyme technology for a multitude of purposes, including the quick creation of innovative and useful products. To create new metabolites or take part in novel response pathways, a compound's structure or synergistic potential must be changed. They are used to prepare foods and beverages, provide animal feed, make materials, clean homes, power cars, and slow down the ageing process of the human body.

• Food production
• Washing powders
• Textile manufacture
• Leather industry
• Medical applications

A considerable number of illnesses, including the common cold and more severe ailments including Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Respiratory syndrome, are brought on by coronaviruses (COVID-19). Despite the fact that most people only experience relatively modest symptoms from COVID-19, some people can become ill. Additionally, the illness can occasionally be lethal. The aged, as well as individuals who have had illnesses like diabetes, heart disease, or hypertension in the past, seem to be getting weaker.

• Fever
• Cough
• Tiredness
• Loss of taste or smell
• Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath

"Current research" describes ongoing investigation in the disciplines of fundamental and applied microbiology. Numerous disciplines were looked into, including virology, mycology, bacteriology, parasitology, genomics, host immune responses, microbe characterization and evolution, virulence factors, environmental microbiology, antibiotic resistance and production, drug and vaccine targets, prion diseases, cellular aspects of microbes, host pathogen relationships, and many others.

• Diagnostic microbiology
• Environmental microbiology
• Astro microbiology
• Agriculture microbiology
• Food microbiology

The global market for companion diagnostics (CDx) is estimated to grow from $5.4 billion in 2021 to reach $10.7 billion by 2026, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 14.6% during the forecast period of 2021-2026.

Companion Diagnostics: Global Markets provides a comprehensive analysis of the market in the global context, including market forecasts and sales through 2026. The report analyzes the market by segmenting it into the various product offerings: consumables (reagents, kits and panels), services and software. The segmentation also provides analysis by popular technology types such as PCR, next-generation sequencing, in situ hybridization (ISH), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and others.

This study surveys the companion diagnostics market by application into different therapeutic areas. The market is also assessed in three major geographic regions: North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific (APAC). The APAC markets include countries like India, China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Australia and New Zealand.

The industry structure chapter focuses on the changing market trends, market players and their leading products. This chapter also covers the mergers and acquisitions and any other collaborations or partnerships that happened during the evaluation period of this report that are expected to shape the industry.

Factors such as strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities that are expected to play a role in this market are evaluated in detail.

The scope of the report excludes the in vitro diagnostic products and their regulatory aspects. Also excluded are the nucleic acid-based tests in general, focusing solely on the companion diagnostics that meet the FDA definition.