2^nd International Conference on Molecular Microbiology December 14-14, 2021 London, UK

A macromolecule is a molecule which is large in size such as protein. The macromolecules are composed of thousands if covalently bonded atoms. The polymerization of smaller molecules is known as monomers. Many macromolecules are considered as monomers. The most common macromolecules in biochemistry includes biopolymers such as proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates and some large non-polymeric molecules such as macrocycles and lipids.

The techniques which are mostly used in the molecular microbiology is to study  the protein structure and its function. The mostly used process  for the study of protein function is known as molecular cloning. These techniques are also used for the study of the protein function which is present in the Corona Virus. Some of the techniques which are mostly used in the molecular microbiology are

Genomics is one of the field of biology which mostly focus  on structure, function, mapping, evolution and editing of the genomes. In organisms, a complete set of DNA which includes all of its genes is known as a genome. The branch of science which deals with the study of proteins is known as proteomics. The vital parts of  living organisms with its functions is known as proteins. The entire set of proteins which is produced or modified by an organism is known as a proteome. The branch of science which deals with the study of developing methods and software tools for understanding the biological data is known as bioinformatics. Bioinformatics is also combined with other field of science such as computer science, information engineering , statistics, mathematics, and biology to analyze and interpret the biological data.

The part of science which manages the investigation of hereditary qualities managing the construction and movement of the hereditary material at the atomic level is known as Molecular hereditary qualities. By utilizing the hereditary screens, atomic science frequently applies the "Insightful methodology" to decide the design or capacity of qualities which are available in life form's genome. Cell science, sub-atomic science, organic chemistry, and biotechnology are the sub-fields in science. A portion of the procedures which are utilized in the atomic hereditary qualities are

The breakdown of the organic matter by microorganisms like bacteria and fungi is known as biodegradation. Biodegradation process involves in three stages such as biodetoriation, biofragmentation, and assimilation. Biodegradation is the process where  the natural substances  are separated into little pieces  by microbial living beings. Bioremediation is the admistrative method which is used to treat the contaminated media like water, soil and subsurface material by altering the environmental conditions to stimulate the growth of the microorganisms and to degrade the target pollutants.

The part of science which manages the investigation of infections and tainting like specialists, sub-tiny, hereditary material like protein coat, and parasitic particles is known as virology. Infections are arranged dependent on their shape. For the most part the infections are recognized in 4 distinct shapes like filamentous, icosahedral, encompassed and head and tail. The investigation of component and cycle by which the infections causes illnesses in their hosts is known as viral pathogenesis. The components that influence viral pathogenesis are

A cell which has a unique ability to develop into some specialized  cell types in the body is known as stem cell. Based upon their origin and ability to differentiate stem cells are classified into many different  types. The stem cell has a potential to regenerate and repair a damaged tissue.

The part of science which manages the investigation of microorganisms which are available in the climate is known as natural microbial science. The ecological microbial science is the investigation of design and exercises of microbial networks. It is likewise the investigation of component cycles and biogeochemical measure. The fundamental branches which are engaged with ecological microbial science are

DNA forensic is also known as DNA profiling. DNA profiling is mostly used for legal and investigation purposes. DNA profiling is also known as DNA fingerprinting. DNA fingerprinting is one of the process which is used for the determination of individual DNA characteristics. DNA barcoding is a process which is also used in analyzing the DNA which is intended to identify the species rather than an individual. DNA recombination is a process in which the pieces of DNA are broken and recombined to produce new combination of alleles. The process of recombination which creates the genetic diversity at the level of genes which reflects the differences in the sequences of DNA in different organisms.

The part of science which manages the investigation of the microorganisms which makes viral sicknesses the tamed creatures like animals, hide bearing creatures, buddy creatures, poultry and game is known as veterinary microbiology.

The part of science which manages the investigation of the microorganisms which are specific to the creation of anti-toxins, nutrients, immunizations, compounds, and furthermore drugs items is known as drug microbial science. It is additionally investigation of microorganisms which causes tainting in the drug items, detoriation, debasement and decay of drug crude materials. Drug microbial science is one of the field in applied microbial science. The anti-microbials are delivered from 2/third of the microorganisms.

Sub-atomic science mostly incorporates hereditary examination, quality cloning, DNA fingering and criminology. Sub-atomic procedures are the apparatuses for breaking down the microorganisms. Electrophoresis is one of the method which is utilized in sub-atomic microbial science. Electrophoresis is a strategy which is generally finished with gels shaped in cylinders, sections or on level beds. PCR is likewise one of the strategy which generally targets and enhances a particular district of a DNA strand and it is additionally utilized for DNA fingerprinting.

Immunity is defined as the ability to defend itself from foreign bodies. Innate immunity is also known as non-specific immune system, which is naturally occurred during the birth and protects from antigens. Adaptive immunity is also called as acquired immune system. It is composed of specialized, systemic cells which eliminates the pathogens and prevents its growth. An infection is defined as the invasion and growth of germs in body. The germs may be of different types such as fungi, algae, bacteria, yeasts, viruses and other microorganisms.

The branch of science which  deals with the study of bacteria and its morphology, genetics, nature and organic chemistry of the organism is known as bacteriology. Bacteria are mostly single celled organisms and are metabolically active. Mostly bacteria are divided by binary fission. The branch of science which deals with the study of parasitic organisms is known as parasitology. Parasitologists  will study about the parasites at any place they happen and whether they are microorganisms, worms and infections.

The branch of science which deals with the study of viruses and infecting like agents, sub-microscopic, genetic material like protein coat, and parasitic particles is known as virology. Viruses are classified based on their shape. Mostly the viruses are identified in 4 different  shapes  like filamentous, icosahedral, enveloped and head and tail. The study of mechanism and process by which the viruses causes diseases in their hosts is known as viral pathogenesis. The factors that affect viral pathogenesis are

A product which is used to stimulate the human immune system to produce immunity against a specific disease and protects the person from the disease is known as vaccine. Vaccines are mostly taken through injections and also taken orally through mouth or sprayed into nose to increase the protection against a particular disease. The vaccines are mostly prepared from killed microorganisms like bacteria or viruses.

The branch of science which deals with the study of microorganisms which are present in the environment is known as environmental microbiology. The environmental microbiology is the study of structure and activities of microbial communities. It is also the study of element cycles and biogeochemical process. The main branches which are involved in environmental microbiology are

The branch of science which deals with the study of the microorganisms and its functions, how they affect the soil properties is known as soil microbiology. The microorganisms which are present in the soil are classified as fungi, bacteria, algae, actinomycetes, protozoa. The main role the soil microorganism is to release the nutrients from the organic matter. Microorganisms will help in decomposing the organic matter and consumes the nitrogen and carbon content  which are present in the organic matter for their own growth and they release the excess nutrients which are used for the growth of the plants.

The branch of science which deals with the study of the microorganisms which causes viral diseases to the domesticated animals like livestock, fur bearing animals, companion animals, poultry and game is known as veterinary microbiology.

The branch of science which deals with the study of the microorganisms which are associated with the plants is known as agricultural microbiology. It also deals with the microbiology of soil fertility like microbial degradation of organic matter and transformation of soil nutrients. This field will also investigates in many other different angles like physiology, atomic science, genetics, pathogenicity and different parts of the plant microorganisms. Microorganisms will also plays a major role in biogeochemical cycles due to their ubiquitous distribution and diverse enzyme activity. Some of the biogeochemical cycles like carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, sulpur cycle.

The branch of science which deals with the study of the microorganisms which are particular to the production of antibiotics, vitamins, vaccines, enzymes, and also pharmaceuticals products is known as pharmaceutical microbiology. It is also study of microorganisms which causes contamination in the pharmaceutical products, detoriation, degradation and spoilage of pharmaceutical raw materials. Pharmaceutical microbiology is one of the field in applied microbiology. The antibiotics are produced from 2/3^rd of the microorganisms.

Applications:

The branch of biotechnology which deals with the study of microorganisms which are used in the industries is known as industrial microbiology. The main features of industrial microbiology are microbial sciences are used to derive industrial products, it involves in manipulation of the microorganisms to increase their yield, involves in some processes like enzymatic reactions and fermentation, the real world applications include hormones, amino acids, antibiotics.

Molecular biology mainly includes genetic analysis, gene cloning, DNA fingering and forensics. Molecular techniques are the tools for analysing the microorganisms. Electrophoresis is one of the technique which is used in molecular microbiology. Electrophoresis is  a technique which is mostly done with gels formed in tubes, slabs or on flat beds. PCR is also one of the technique which mostly targets and amplifies a specific region of a DNA strand and it is also used for DNA fingerprinting.

Microbiology is a branch of science which deals with the study of microscopic organisms like archeae, fungi, viruses, bacteria, algae, and protozoa. It includes fundamental research on biochemistry, physiology, cell biology, evolution, ecology, and some of the clinical aspects of microorganisms which includes the host response to these agents. The current research is a scientific deal with the on-going in the field of applied microbiology. This study is related to virology, mycology, parasitology, bacteriology, host immune response and evolution of microbes.